There are three mammalian isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), namely TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. These multifunctional cytokines signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. They play crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, motility, and the synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. The release of the biologically active TGF-β isoform from a latent complex involves intracellular proteolytic processing. TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 1.2 exhibit similar biological activities, although they differ in receptor binding affinities. TGF beta 2 is found in high concentrations in platelets and bone. It is the prominent isoform in body fluids like amniotic fluid, breast milk, and the aqueous and vitreous humor of the eye. Recombinant Human TGF-β2 consists of two identical 112-amino acid polypeptide chains connected by a single disulfide bond and has a molecular weight of 24.0 kDa.