The development of the cerebellum involves a set of coordinated cell movements and two separate proliferation zones: the ventricular zone and the external granule cell layer (EGL), a rhombic-lip-derived progenitor pool. The EGL appears segregated during early cerebellum formation and produces only granule cells. Cerebellar granule cells (CGC) are the most abundant neurons in the brain, about 1 x 1011 in humans. Their axons run as parallel fibres along the coronal axis, and the one-dimensional spread of excitation that results from this arrangement is a key assumption in theories of cerebellar function. CGC receive inhibitory synaptic input from Golgi cells, which are mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). During both in vivo and in vitro development, CGC depend on the activity of the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype for survival and full differentiation. Cultured CGC are widely used as a model system for studying neuronal apoptosis. HCGC from ScienCell Research Laboratories are isolated from human cerebellum. HCGC are cryopreserved at P0 and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >1 x 106 cells in 1 ml volume. HCGC are characterized by immunofluorescence with antibodies specific to β-tubulin III. HCGC are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HCGC are guaranteed to further culture under the conditions provided by ScienCell Research Laboratories; however, HCGC are not recommended for expanding or long-term cultures since the cells do not proliferate in culture. Recommended Medium It is recommended to use Neuronal Medium (NM, Cat. #1521) for culturing HCGC in vitro.