The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges and functions to carry blood from the brain to the heart and contain the cerebrospinal fluid. The dura mater is composed of two layers known as the periosteal and meningeal layer. In general, fibroblasts are responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis in connective tissue and play a major role in wound healing. Dural fibroblasts (DuF) produce extracellar matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Recent studies have shown that dural fibroblasts have been implicated in activating and sensitizing dural afferents and thereby may contribute to headache pathophysiology. Human DuF (HDuF) are a useful in vitro model to study subdermal hematomas and headache pathophysiology. HDuF from ScienCell Research Laboratories are isolated from human dura mater. HDuF are cryopreserved at passage one and delivered frozen. Each vial contains >5 x 105 cells in 1 ml volume. HDuF are characterized by their spindle morphology and immunofluorescence with antibody specific to fibronectin. HDuF are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HDuF are guaranteed to further expand for 10 population doublings under the conditions provided by ScienCell Research Laboratories. Recommended Medium It is recommended to use Fibroblast Medium (FM, Cat. #2301) for culturing HDuF in vitro.